Western Egyptology in Egypt in the Wake of Tutankhamun, 1922–1930
Western Egyptology in Egypt in the Wake of Tutankhamun, 1922–1930
Tutankhamun aside, Western archaeological fieldwork flourished in the 1920s despite the political uncertainties as Egyptian nationalists became more assertive. Petrie left to dig in the new British mandate in Palestine, but the Egyptian Exploration Society took over the former German concession at Tell al-Amarna, and Bruyère excavated for IFAO at the tomb workers' village of Deir al-Medina. A feud between Antiquities Service director Lacau and IFAO director Foucart undercut French solidarity in Egyptological matters. The dispute over Borchardt's prewar export of the bust of Nefertiti to Berlin blocked renewal of German excavations until 1929, but Junker was able to resume his prewar work at Giza under Austrian auspices. Reisner's Harvard-Boston Museum of Fine Arts expedition continued at Giza, Winlock resumed Metropolitan Museum of Art excavations at Deir al-Bahari, and Breasted's new Rockefeller-funded Oriental Institute (OI) of the University of Chicago began epigraphic recording of Ramesses III's vast temple at Medinat Habu. OI expeditions created an archaeological empire throughout the Middle East, but Breasted overreached with a Rockefeller museum proposal for Cairo which foundered on the shoals of Egyptian nationalism.
Keywords: Egypt Exploration Society, Lacau, Borchardt, Nefertiti, IFAO, Breasted, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Reisner, Oriental Institute, Rockefeller museum
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