The Rights of Humans (Huquq al-Adamiyyin)
The Rights of Humans (Huquq al-Adamiyyin)
The mu‘amalat—the body of laws pertaining to the rights of humans—originally reflected the community's way of life at the beginning of Islam. In Ottoman jurisprudence, the mu‘amalat were examined to see how closely they matched the Ottoman ethical ideal. This often led to disputes when the Ottoman standards (for example, in weights and measures, or in the provisions of marriage contracts) did not correspond to established local customs. As the imperial standards increasingly prevailed, the courts that upheld them revealed an inclination to regard the individual as a member of the Ottoman polity, rather than as a member of a particular religious or ethnic community whose customs might previously have taken precedence over the rules of the civil courts.
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