Enslaved and Emancipated Africans on Crete
Enslaved and Emancipated Africans on Crete
As in Istanbul and Izmir, those on Crete practiced the religio-spiritual belief system known as zar/bori and celebrated a yearly “festival” in May that appears to mirror Izmir's festival in many respects. Trans-Saharan African slaves were for the most part acquired by Muslim owners, they were thus considered nominally Muslim and as a result they were, in the words of Esma Durugönül, statistically “non-existent”. The language used to describe trans-Saharan Africans in Ottoman (and modern) Turkish leads to additional problems. Nationalism has also rendered the study of trans-Saharan Africans in the late Ottoman Empire more difficult. It is presented in terms of southeastern Europe and western Anatolia, with a linear progression towards the rise of Atatürk and the modern Turkish Republic.
Keywords: Istanbul, festival, Africans, nationalism, Anatolia
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