Conclusion: Ottoman Waqfs as Acts of Citizenship1
Conclusion: Ottoman Waqfs as Acts of Citizenship1
This chapter offers a more philosophical appraisal of waqf as an act of citizenship, suggesting that the institution allowed non-Muslims to govern themselves, their relation to the central authorities, and their ties with other subjects. It is possible to illustrate that while the Ottoman Empire was not an empire of associations or communes in the way Weber saw the foundations of occidental citizenship, both the waqf institution and the way in which various social groups were able to claim, negotiate, and exercise rights did indeed enable subjects to have a group-differentiated legal and political status. The conclusion given here is faithful to a work that seeks to respect the variety of waqf while portraying the underlying unity of purpose and design that made these endowments recognizable to members of classes, religious groups, and gender categories.
Keywords: waqf, citizenship, non-Muslims, Ottoman Empire, social groups
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